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History
The history of the Russian Orthodox Church begins with the Baptism of Rus' at Kiev the date of which is commonly given as 988; however, the evidence surrounding this event is contested (see Christianisation of Kievan Rus'). In 1316 the Metropolitan of Kiev changed his see to the city of Vladimir, and in 1322 moved again to Moscow. In 1589, the see was elevated to a Patriarchate. The Patriarchate was abolished by Peter the Great in 1721 and replaced by the Holy Governing Synod, and the Bishop of Moscow came to be called a Metropolitan again. The Patriarchate was restored in 1917 and suspended by the Soviet authorities in 1925. It was reinstituted for the last time in 1943 during WWII by the initiative of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.
Metropolitans of Moscow (1240-1589)
-
- St. Cyril II (III), locum tenens (1240-1246)
- St. Cyril II (III) (1246-1281)
- vacant (1281-1283)
- St. Maximus (1283-1305)
- St. Peter (1308-1326)
- vacant (1326-1328)
- St. Theognostus (1328-1353)
- St. Alexius (1354-1378)
- Mikhail (Mityay), locum tenens (1378-1379)
- vacant (1379-1381)
- Mikhail (Mityay), locum tenens (1378-1379)
- St. Cyprian (1381-1382)
- Pimen (1382-1384)
- St. Dionysius I (1384-1385)
- vacant (1385-1390)
- St. Cyprian (1390-1406), restored
- vacant (1406-1408)
- St. Photius (1408-1431)
- vacant (1431-1433)
- Gerasim (1433-1435)
- vacant (1435-1436)
- Isidore of Kiev (1436-1441)
- vacant (1441-1448)
- St. Jonah (1448-1461)
- Theodosius (1461-1464)
- Philip I (1464-1473)
- Gerontius (1473-1489)
- Zosimus (1490-1494)
- Simon (1495-1511)
- Varlaam (1511-1521)
- Daniel (1522-1539)
- Joasaphus (1539-1542)
- St. Macarius (1542-1563)
- Athanasius (1564-1566)
- St. Herman (1566)
- St. Philip II (1566-1568)
- Cyril III (IV) (1568-1572)
- Anthony (1572-1581)
- Dionysius II (1581-1587)
- St. Job (1587-1589), the last metropolitan and the first patriarch of Russia.
Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia (1589-1721)
- 1) Patriarch St. Job (1589-1605)
- Patriarch Ignatius (1605-1606) Not counted as legitimate by the Russian Orthodox Church
- 2) Patriarch St. Hermogenus (1606-1612)
- vacant (1612-1619)
- 3) Patriarch St. Philaret (1619-1633)
- 4) Patriarch Joasaphus I (1634-1642)
- 5) Patriarch Joseph (1642-1652)
- 6) Patriarch Nikon (1652-1658)
- Pitirim of Krutitsy, locum tenens (1658-1667)
- 7) Patriarch Joasaphus II (1667-1672)
- 8) Patriarch Pitirim (of Krutitsy) (1672-1673)
- 9) Patriarch Joachim (1674-1690)
- 10) Patriarch Adrian (1690-1700)
- Stefan of Ryazan, locum tenens (1700-1721)
Metropolitans and archbishops of Moscow (1721-1917)
- Stefan of Ryazan (1721-1742)
- Joseph (1742-1745)
- Plato I (1745-1754)
- Hilarion of Krutitsy, Coadjutor (1754-1757)
- Timothy (1757-1767)
- Ambrosius (1768-1771)
- Samouel of Krutitsy, Coadjutor (1771-1775)
- Plato II (1775-1812)
- Avgustin (1812-1819)
- Seraphim (1819-1821)
- St. Filaret (1821-1867)
- Innocent (1868-1879)
- Macarius I (1879-1882)
- Joannicius (1882-1891)
- Leontius (1891-1893)
- Sergius I (1893-1898)
- St. Vladimir (1898-1912)
- St. Macarius II (1912-1917)
Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia (restored, 1917-Present)
- 11) Patriarch St. Tikhon (1917-1925)
- vacant (1925-1943)
- Metropolitan Peter of Krutitsy, locum tenens (1925-1936), de facto only until 1926
- Metropolitan Sergius of Nizhny Novgorod, Deputy locum tenens (1926-1936)
- Metropolitan Sergius of Moscow and Kolomna (known before as Sergius of Nizhny Novgorod), locum tenens (1936-1943)
- vacant (1925-1943)
- 12) Patriarch Sergius I (known before as Sergius of Moscow and Kolomna) (1943-1944)
- Alexius Archbishop of Novgorod and Metropolitan of Leningrad, locum tenens (1944-1945)
- 13) Patriarch Alexius I (1945-1970)
- Metropolitan Pimen of Krutitsy and Kolomna, locum tenens (1970-1971),
- 14) Patriarch Pimen I (1971-1990)
- Metropolitan Filaret of Kiev and All Ukraine, locum tenens (3 May 1990-7 June 1990),
- 15) Patriarch Alexius II (1990-2008)
- Metropolitan Kirill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad, locum tenens (since 6 December 2008)
A new Patriarch is to be elected by a Local Council (Pomestny Sobor) of the Russian Church within six months of death of Alexius II. The Sobor was scheduled for January 27-29, 2009.
See also
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